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1. Background The Arecanut palm is one of the important commercial crops of Assam. Though the betelnut is used widely in various forms yet the sheath attached to the leaf of arecanut tree is not used for any productive purpose at present. It is a hard material and has good tensile strength and is available in abundant in most parts of Assam. Arecanut sheaths (extension of the leaf) can be utilised for manufacturing disposable plates and bowls. Such plates are being produced in South India since the last 7 years and sold commonly in the market .Dhriiti,a national level NGO, has been working on this product in the Assam since the last 3 years. Presently 39 units promoted by Dhriiti in Barpeta, Baska, Bongaigoan, Karbianglong, Jorhat and Golaghat district of Assam are producing and selling these products successfully. 2. Product The product to be manufactured is plates and bowls of different shapes and sizes made out of arecanut sheaths. These disposable utensils can be used for serving and eating food. Some of the qualities of the products are as follows: - Completely Eco-friendly, Biodegradable and Hygienic.
- Sturdy and not easily crushable and at the same time very light in weight.
- Microwave usable.
- Can be easily moulded into different shapes and can hold liquid for 4-6 hours.
- Natural and attractive appearance.
3. Raw Material Availability There are more than 70000 hectares of arecanut plantation in Assam. Around 10 sheathes fall from each arecanut plant every year. Thus there is abundant raw material availabile inAssam to produce these plates. The following table shows the raw material potential in Assam. Table 1: Raw Material supply potential in Assam | Sl.No. | Particulars | Quantity/Area | | 1 | Total plantation of Arecanut in these Areas (in Hectares) | 70,542 | | 2 | Total plantation of Arecanut (in Bighas) | 5,29,065 | | 3 | Approximate no. of trees per bigha | 200 | | 4 | Total no. of Arecanut trees | 10,58,13,000 | | 5 | Approximate no. of sheaths per tree | 10 | | 6 | Total no. of sheaths available | 1,05,81,30,000 | | 7 | If 30% of this resource (arecanut sheaths) can be tapped | 31,74,39,000 | | 8 | No. of sheaths required in each unit per year | 1,00,000 | | 9 | No. of manufacturing units that can be set up | 3174 | As evident from the table above there are enough raw materials in this region to set up more than 3000 manufacturing units even if 30% of the raw material can be tapped.
4. Production Process The plates can be produced easily using a heat-press machine, which can be procured from Howrah. The machines can be operated by both gas and electricity. The entrepreneurs need to collect the raw material (arecanut sheaths), sun dry them and store them before production. The sheaths can be stored for 9-12 months without damage. Dhriiti has trained the candidates to manufacture these plates and would also provide technical and marketing support after they set up their units.
5. Market This product is an excellent substitute for thermocol and plastic plates which has huge demand in the market. There is also a large unsatisfied demand for bio-degradable disposables in the food service industry. Dhriiti aims to leverage this business opportunity for the benefit of the rural masses. The present producers of arecanut leaf plate along with Dhriiti has formed a marketing company named Tambul Plate Marketing Company(TPMC).TPMC provides 100% buy back guarantee of products to all producers. In the last six months TPMC has produced and sold more than 2 lakh products. TPMC not only market the product within North East but has also supplied to Kolkata and Delhi.TPMC has received very good response from the market and is presently unable to meet the demand of the market.TPMC has presently the capacity to sell products manufactured by atleast 50 units. - Wholesalers in Guwahati ,Dimapur and Shillong havee huge demand for the big plates.
- Sweet shops like Rameswars in Guwahati are also procuring the small katori.
- Temples are a huge market for this product. Sri Balaji Temple, Dolgobindo, ISKON temple and Satsangh in Guwahati are ready to purchase this product.
- Delhi and Kolkata are also have demands for quarter plates and small katories .
- This product can be sold at a premium in national parks and many hill stations like Gangtok, Shillong and Siliguri in the North East where in usage of plastic is banned.
| Scheme for Arecanut Leaf Plate Manufacturing Unit | | Sl.No. | Particulars | Amount(Rs) | Amount(Rs) | | A | Fixed Capital | | | | 1 | Machinery | | 59856 | | 2 | Building | | | | | (a) Machine Room | 18870 | | | | (b) Storage Room | 26906 | | | | (c) Foundation | 6010 | | | | (d) Water Tanks | 3420 | 55206 | | 3 | Other Equipments & Material | | | | | (a) Hand Pump (Equipment & Labour) | 3000 | | | | (b) Miscellaneous Furniture & Fixture | 1500 | | | | (c) Thela | 2000 | 6500 | | 4 | Preliminary & Pre-operative Expenses | | | | | (a) Gas Connection | 2400 | | | | (b) Insurance | 1180 | | | | (c) Other out of Pocket expenses | 1000 | 4580 | | | Total Fixed Capital | 126142 | | | | | | | B | Working Capital | | | | 1 | Raw Materials | 5104 | | | 2 | Manpower | 4000 | | | 3 | Gas Cylinder( 3 cylinder @ Rs 350) | 1050 | | | 4 | Packaging material (plastic) | 977 | | | 5 | Sales Expenses (5% of selling price) | 846 | | | 6 | Admin & Maintenance expenses | 600 | | | 7 | Interest rate | 1283 | | | | Total Working Capital | 13860 | | | | | | | C | Total Fund Required | | | | 1 | Fixed Capital | | 126142 | | 2 | Total Working Capital | | 13860 | | | Total Fund | 140002 | | | | | | | D | Means of Finance | | | | 1 | Own Contribution (5%) | | 7000 | | 2 | Bank Loan (95%) | | 133002 | | | 140002 | | Profitability | | Sl. No. | Particulars | Amount/Quantity | | 1 | Annual Production (300Days) | 2,78,400 | | 2 | Average Variable Cost of Production per piece | 0.42 | | 3 | Average Selling Price per piece | 0.73 | | 4 | Annual Fixed Cost | 34,600 | | 5 | Annual Projected Turnover | 2,03,232 | | 6 | Annual Projected Profit | 51704 | * See annexure 1 for machinery detail. * See annexure 2 for building detail. * See annexure 3 for working capital and profitability.
Annexure 1
| Cost of Machinery | | Sl. No. | Particulars | No of Units | Price per Unit (in Rs.) | Cost (in Rs.) | | 1 | Machine Frame (Double Pillar Screw Press) | 2 | 16100 | 32200 | | 2 | 250 mm Die Set (Big Plate) including coil & cutter | 1 | 6600 | 6600 | | 3 | 175 mm Die Set (Quater Plate) including coil & cutter | 1 | 4400 | 4400 | | 4 | 125 mm Die Set (Katori) including coil & cutter | 1 | 3850 | 3850 | | 5 | Tool Kit (Foundation bolt, Wrench, gloves, hammer etc.) | 1 | 1050 | 1050 | | 6 | Packaging Cost (Wooden box for each frame) | 2 | 800 | 1600 | | 7 | Sub Total | | | 49700 | | 8 | Sales tax@10% (if registered party then it would be 2%) | | | 4970 | | 9 | Sub Total | | | 54670 | | 10 | Road Permit (4% of bill value) | | | 2186 | | 11 | Transportation Cost (approx) | 2 | 1500 | 3000 | | 12 | TOTAL | 59856 | Annexure 2 (a)Machine Room: A 12 ft x 10 ft room with concrete posts, concrete floor bamboo/ikra base wall and tin corrugated sheets on the roof. | Sl.No. | Material | Quantity/Unit | Rate | Amount | | 1 | Concrete Posts | 4 pieces | 550 | 2200 | | 2 | Tin Corrugated Sheets | 10 sheets | 320 | 3200 | | 3 | Bamboo (for posts) | 6 pieces | 40 | 240 | | 4 | Ikra | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 5 | Tarza ((10*9*2)+(12*9*2)) | 397 sq.ft. | 3.5 | 1390 | | 6 | Wood | 12 kb | 250 | 3000 | | 7 | Bricks | 400 pieces | 4 | 1600 | | 8 | Cement | 8 bag | 300 | 2400 | | 9 | Sand | 2 cu.m | 500 | 1000 | | 10 | Stones | 1 cu.m | 800 | 800 | | 11 | Soil (Mitti) | Approx | 800 | 800 | | 12 | Equipments | Approx | 500 | 500 | | 13 | Skilled Labour (Mason+Wood) | 8 mandays | 130 | 1040 | | 14 | Unskilled Labour (Mason+Wood+Bamboo) | 10 mandays | 70 | 700 | | 15 | Total | 18870 | (b) Store Room: A 12ft. X 30 ft. room with concrete posts, sand floor, bamboo/ikra based walls. The roof should be primarily made of tin corrugated sheets but little bit of fibre/plastic (transparent) corrugated sheets should also be used. It should also have a bamboo platform for keeping the raw material. | Sl.No. | Material | Quantity/Unit | Rate | Amount | | 1 | Concrete Posts | 6 pieces | 550 | 3300 | | 2 | Tin Corrugated Sheets | 28 sheets | 320 | 8960 | | 3 | Fibre Corrugated Sheets | 2 sheets | 790 | 1580 | | 4 | Bamboo (for walls & roof) | 8 pieces | 40 | 320 | | 5 | Ikra | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 6 | Tarza ((30*9*2)+(12*9*2)) | 756 sq.ft. | 3.5 | 2646 | | 7 | Wood | 25 kb | 250 | 6250 | | 8 | Sand | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 9 | Soil (Mitti) | approx | 0 | 1000 | | 10 | Bamboo (for platform) | 18 pieces | 40 | 720 | | 11 | Equipments | Approx | 700 | 700 | | 12 | Skilled Labour (Wood) | 4 mandays | 130 | 520 | | 13 | Unskilled Labour (Wood+Bamboo) | 13mandays | 70 | 910 | | 14 | Total | 26906 | c) Foundation: 2 concrete foundations for installing the machines. | -
ü Height: 1.5ft below the floor and minimum 3ft. above the floor, total 4 ft.
| | ü Breadth: 80 cm | | ü Length: 100 cm | | Sl.No. | Material | Quantity/Unit | Rate | Amount | | 1 | Cement | 6bags | 300 | 1800 | | 2 | Bricks | 600pieces | 4 | 2400 | | 3 | Sand | 30tin | 20 | 600 | | 4 | Stone | 27tin | 30 | 810 | | 5 | Skilled Labour (Mason) | 2 mandays | 130 | 260 | | 6 | Unskilled Labour | 2 mandays | 70 | 140 | | 7 | Total | 6010 | (d) Water Tank: 2 concrete water tanks for washing sheaths. Dimensions are 4ft.X4ft.X2ft. (L*B*H). The walls should be of 3 inch. | Sl.No. | Material | Quantity/Unit | Rate | Amount | | 1 | Cement | 4bags | 300 | 1200 | | 2 | Bricks | 375 pieces | 4 | 1500 | | 3 | Sand | 10 tin | 20 | 200 | | 4 | Stone | 4 tin | 30 | 120 | | 5 | Skilled Labour | 2mandays | 130 | 260 | | 6 | Unskilled Labour | 2mandays | 70 | 140 | | 7 | Total | 3420 | Annexure 3 | General Information | | Sl. No. | Particulars | Quantity/Amount | | 1 | Working Hours in a day (Machine Hours) | 8 | | 2 | No. of working days in a month | 25 | | 3 | Cost of Gas Cylinder | 350 | | 4 | No. of hours a cylinder works | 110 | | 5 | No. of Direct Labour (Machine workers) | 2 | | 6 | No. of Indirect Labour (Packaging etc.) | 1 | | 7 | Direct Labour Wages per month | 1500 | | 8 | Indirect Labour Wages (Unskilled) per month | 1000 | | 9 | Cost of Raw Material per piece | 0.5 | | 10 | Sales Expenses as % of Selling Price | 5% | | 11 | Initial Investment (Loan Amount) | 140002 | | 12 | Interest rate | 11% | | 13 | Admin expenses per month | 300 | | 14 | Maintenance per month (in Rs.) | 300 | | 15 | Cost of 1kg packaging material (plastic) | 140 | | 16 | No. of small packets in 1kg packaging material (5”) | 250 | | 17 | No. of medium packets in 1kg packaging material (8”) | 130 | | 18 | No. of large packets in 1kg packaging material (10”) | 75 | | 19 | Selling price of 5” Katori | 0.35 | | 20 | Selling price of 8” Quarter Plate | 0.7 | | 21 | Selling price of 10” Rice Plate | 1.5 | | 22 | Time taken to produce one 5” Katori (in seconds) | 50 | | 23 | Time taken to produce one 8” Quarter Plate (in seconds) | 60 | | 24 | Time taken to produce one 10” Rice Plate (in seconds) | 90 | | Variable Cost Calculation | | Particulars | 5" Bowl | 8" Plate | 10" Plate | Total/Avg | | Machinery & Capacity Utilisations | | Time taken to produce 1 piece (in sec) | 50 | 60 | 90 | | | Production per hour (in pieces) | 72 | 60 | 40 | | | No. of machines | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 2 | | Production per day (in pieces) | 288 | 480 | 160 | 928 | | Production per month (in pieces) | 7200 | 12000 | 4000 | 23200 | | Annual Production (in pieces) | 86400 | 144000 | 48000 | 278400 | | Cost of Energy (Gas Consumption) | | Production per hour (in pieces) | 72 | 60 | 40 | | | No. of working hours of a cylinder | 110 | 110 | 110 | | | Production in total working hours of a cylinder | 7920 | 6600 | 4400 | | | Cost of cylinder | 350 | 350 | 350 | | | Cost of Gas per piece | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.05 | | Cost of Raw Material | | % of Raw Material Used for producing 1 piece | 20% | 33% | 50% | | | Cost of 1 raw material | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | | | Cost of RM for producing 1 piece | 0.10 | 0.17 | 0.25 | 0.16 | | Cost of Direct Labour | | Production per month | 7200 | 12000 | 4000 | | | No. of Labour required to produce | 1 | 1 | 1 | | | Time allocation of labourer in percent | 50% | 100% | 50% | | | Monthly Wages of Labour | 1500 | 1500 | 1500 | | | Monthly Cost of Labour | 750 | 1500 | 750 | | | Cost of Direct Labour per piece | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.13 | | Cost of Packaging | | Cost of 1 kg packaging material (in Rs.) | 140 | 140 | 140 | | | No. of packets in 1 kg | 250 | 130 | 75 | | | No. of pieces in 1 packet | 25 | 25 | 25 | | | No. of pieces that can be packaged in 1kg | 6250 | 3250 | 1875 | | | Packaging Cost per piece | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.04 | | Sales Expenses (Secondary Packaging & Transportation) | | Selling price per piece | 0.35 | 0.70 | 1.50 | | | % of Sales Expense | 5% | 5% | 5% | | | Sales expenses per piece | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.04 | | Total Variable Cost & Operating Margins | | Cost of Energy | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.05 | | Raw Material Cost | 0.10 | 0.17 | 0.25 | 0.16 | | Labour Cost | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.13 | | Packaging Cost | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.04 | | Selling Cost | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.04 | | Total Variable Cost (TVC) | 0.29 | 0.42 | 0.67 | 0.42 | | Selling Price (SP) | 0.35 | 0.70 | 1.50 | 0.73 | | Operating Margin (SP – TVC) | 0.06 | 0.28 | 0.83 | 0.31 | | Annual Fixed Cost | | 1 | Indirect Labour Cost | 12000 | | 2 | Interest on Loan | 15400 | | 3 | Annual Maintenance Cost | 3600 | | 4 | Annual Administration Cost | 3600 | | 5 | Total | 34600 | | Annual Profitability | | 1 | Sales Revenue | 203040 | | 2 | Total Variable Cost | 117547 | | 3 | Total Fixed Cost | 34600 | | 4 | Annual Profit | 50893 | | Break Even Point | | 1 | Monthly Fixed Cost | 2883 | | 2 | Operating Margin | 0.31 | | 3 | Break Even Point | 9389 | | 4 | Break Even Percentage | 40% | Note: Out of 2 machines one will always have the 8” quarter plate die attached and the other will be utilised equally between 5’’ bowl die & 10’’rice plate die. Thus there is one machine for 8’’ quarter plate and half a machine for 5’’bowl and half a machine for10’’ rice plate. | | | | | | Monthly Working Capital | | Sl.No | Particulars | Rate | Quantity | Amount | | 1 | Cost of Raw material @ Rs.0. 50 per sheath | 0.5 | 10208 | 5104 | | 2 | Cost of Direct Labour | 1500 | 2 | 3000 | | 3 | Cost of Indirect Labour | 1000 | 1 | 1000 | | 4 | Cost of Gas Cylinder | 350 | 3 | 1050 | | 5 | Packaging material (plastic) | 0.04 | 23200 | 977 | | 6 | Sales Expenses (5% of selling material) | 0.04 | 23200 | 846 | | 7 | Admin expenses | 300 | 1 | 300 | | 8 | Maintenance | 300 | 1 | 300 | | 9 | Interest | 15400 | 12 | 1283 | | 10 | Total | 13860 |
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